The Suralikeit Phenomenon on the Internet

 

 

Abdalla Uba Adamu

(auadamu@yahoo.com)

Department of Education

Bayero University, Kano

 

Throughout the development of human intellectualism, there is no medium that has given mankind the power and freedom to widely express thought as freely as the Internet. For the most part, those with knowledge of, and access to, the internet are happy lot. The platform has given them access to vast amount of information and services hitherto unheard of.

 

They forget one thing, however. The internet is an ideological medium. It encourages the spread of a certain mindset, and so long as such mindset is syngergistic with yours, then fine and good. It is when mindsets begin to clash that sparks of revulsion, and eventually resistance, begin to lead to an inferno. Nowhwere is this more clearly demonstrated than in the Suralikeit website which has generated a lot of controversy and reflects how the Internet could be used either for good or for evil against any group of people.

 

While the authors of the web site think they are engaged in an exercise about freedom of expression, their strategy is cowardly because it means that you can hide behind the façade of anonymity and dish out as much dirt as you want. No one needs to know who you are or where you are from.

 

I became aware of the phenomenon in June 2001 when I received a forwarded email warning of a group of people using the Internet to alter the Holy Qur’an. The URL of the site was given as:

 

http://dialspace.dial.pipex.com/town/park/geq96/original/suralikeit.html

 

I am not normally interested in crackpot web sites, as there are many that claim to be the new age heroes of human awareness in all disciplines. However, egged by the rather worried tone of my email (and having been forwared by an over-zealous net newbie friend) I decided to visit the site, and this was what I found:

 

 

 

There was no additional information on the site; no homepage links, no webmasters’ address or the usual vanity links that accompany personal websites. The first sentence of the site is a quotation from Surat Al-Baqra in which Allah (SWT) proclaimed a challenge to those who doubt the authenticity of the Holy Qur’an to produce a Sura any that that could be found in the Qur’an.

 

What then followed was a series of web links to new "surats" in an apparent answer to this Almighty Challenge. Each "sura" has a link to its own page with additional links to English translations underneath. All the "suras" and their English translations are placed at the end of this paper.

 

Historical Antecedents

The background to the challenge to produce a Sura like any in the Holy Qur’an is steeped deeply in Islamic studies. The specific ayats that posed challenge to the unbelievers include :

 

Say, "If all the humans and all the jinns banded together in order to produce a Quran like this, they could never produce anything like it, no matter how much assistance they lent one another."      [17:88]

 

If you have any doubt regarding what we revealed to our servant, then produce one sura like these, and call upon your own witnesses against GOD, if you are truthful. [2:23]

 

This Quran could not possibly be authored by other than GOD. It confirms all previous messages, and provides a fully detailed scripture. It is infallible, for it comes from the Lord of the universe. If they say, "He fabricated it," say, "Then produce one sura like these, and invite whomever you wish, other than GOD, if you are truthful." [10:37-38]

 

If they say, "He fabricated (the Quran)," tell them, "Then produce ten suras like these, fabricated, and invite whomever you can, other than GOD, if you are truthful."     [11:13] 

 

Do they say, "He made it all up?" Instead, they are simply disbelievers. Let them produce a Hadith like this, if they are truthful.   [52:33-34]

 

Thus the appearance of "suras" similar in style to the pattern of the Revealed Qur’an is an attempt to either corrupt the Qur’an, especially when some people insist in incorporating these new additions into the Qur’an, or a deliberate act of provocation of Muslim sensibilities. One would wonder the furor that would be generated if someone suddenly uploads a new Bible on the Internet.

 

This, however, is not the first time this challenge is being seriously considered. Students of Islamic studies will of course be aware of the various times when attempts were made to either create whole "suras" or some verses that claim to be similar to the Holy Qur’an. Musaylimah (ibn al-Qays), a contemporary of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), Ibn al-Muqaffa, the prominent Arabic prose writer (died in 139/756), Abul -ala al-Ma’arri (who died in 449/1057), Ebn Hazm, ol-Khayyat, Taha Hussein (1889-1973), Ali Dashti, (1894-1982), are just few of those who claim to challenge of the Holy Qur’an, unaware of its extent or their limits.

 

The internet, being as resourceful as ever, provides a few graphical examples. The most infamous of the forgers was Musaylima. His "verses" are gleefully placed at the Christian site of http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Miracle/musaylima.html, and below is the specimen of the fake verses, themselves quoted from Sirat Ar-Rasool by Ibn Ishaq, English translation from The Life of Muhammad by A. Guillaume, page 637

 

 

 

"God has been gracious to the pregnant woman;

He has brought forth from her a living being that can move; from her very midst."

 

The fact that there were so many concerted efforts to corrupt the Holy Qur’an, and the fact of its constancy proves, if anything needs to be proved, its sprirtual supremacy.

 

Back to Suralikeit

Curious, about the new millenium challge in Suralikeit site, I decided to follow the thread to see where it might lead to, since there was no other additional information on the site. Tracing the domain server pipex will only lead me to an ISP in England, and that will not reveal much. However, by altering the URL to a series of steps backward, I hit jackpot! The altered URL was:

 

http://dialspace.dial.pipex.com/town/park/geq96/

 

This was the corresponding page:

 

 

This was more revealing, and it turned out that the original URL sent to my email was a mirror site — a strategy used by some people to host a site that was removed from its original location by the host either because it was offensive to some people or because there were protests. In this situation, it seemed that the original Suralikeit web page was hosted at American Online (AOL) and the protests by Muslims who were aware of the page forced AOL to remove it. It is this removal that prompted the creation of a mirror on Pipex servers. Subsequent sleuthing on the Net revealed that the original site was published on AOL servers on July 21st, 1997 as http://www.aol.com/suralikeit. When Muslims all over the world protested, AOL removed the site on the basis of violation of its contract agreement with the as-yet-unknown page’s owners. Thus attempting to reach this site at this URL yeilds the following 404 Errror code:

 

 

 

Further, Reutrers reported on Wednesday June 24, 1998 that

America Online has closed down a Web site that violated its terms of service by carrying material deemed offensive to Muslims, AOL spokeswoman Tricia Primrose

 

"We have removed that page. Our terms of service are very clear on what we call appropriate content, such as content which is defamatory in nature. This page had that. It was particularly targeting Islam," Primrose said.

 

She said AOL had received several complaints about the site, reviewed the content and decided to close it down on Tuesday.

 

In line with AOL policy on privacy, she declined to name the author or authors of the material or say where it came from. They can easily set up shop on another server on the World Wide Web, outside AOL's control.

 

The removal of the page on AOL led the page owner (or someone sympathetic to his credo) to create the mirror which everyone has been clicking at Pipex. However, when the furor died down and the debate shifted from litigation and death threats to AOL to issues of freedom of speech, Net censorship and regulation, AOL brought the page back again, under http://members.aol.com/suralikeit/. Interestingly, while the mirror site contained 4 "suras", the new site at AOL contains 6 "suras", the two additions being the well-known Shia "suras" of Nuraini and Wilayat. Thus the total number of manufactured suras circulating on the net is as follows:

 

al-Iman

al-Tajassud

al-Muslimoon

al-Wasaya

al-Nuraini

al-Wilayat

 

All these appeared from July 21st 1997 to June 25th 1998 on both AOL servers and mirror host servers in at least Greece as indicated in the following mirror URL: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/7143/. Another mirror was hosted at http://www.geocities.com/freethoughtmecca/suralikeit.htm

 

All the sites, however, have the same common structure – no information was given about the webmaster. Further, of all the six "suras", only al-Wilayat contained an opening Bismillah. The others just announced themselves and got on with it.

 

Newsgroup Reactions

By far the biggest arena for the reactions and general debates on the Suralikeit phenonmenon has to be the internet newsgroups. My ISP does not give me the facilities to join newsgroups because it does not subscribe to a newserver (and I suspect most ISPs in Nigeria don’t either), so joining the newsgroups directly is currently impossible. However, with a little bit of trickery, you can actually gain access to the entire gamut of all the newsgroups — the good, the bad and the horrendously ugly. To do just that, go to http://www.deja.com/. Entering the "Suralikeit" search string yields thousands of posting across the newsgroups on the issue. Perhaps I should take time out to explain what newsgroups are.

 

Newsgroups are forum on the internet at which people express their views, no matter how ugly or repulsive. To enter the newsgroups, you must apply to be a member to the moderator, and then view and post your own views. Although there is a moderator, generally anything goes. The first appearance of suraikeit indeedwas on the soc.culture.isam(sci) newsgroup where a posting

 

The biggest set of reactions in the newsgroups was given in soc.religion.islam where posters posted their views in many languages — including Arabic, Korean, Russian, Malaysian. Interestingly,the initial posting of the new "suras" was on soc.rel.egypt newsgroup where there was an intensive debate on the status of Egyptian coptic Christians. The first thread of the debate that

 

 

I posted that sura because it does not exist on the site I pointed out to you so I thought I should post it so you (and others) know about it, and be as updated as the people who have been talking about this since a time ago. But I have to disagree with you, such things should be answered and refuted, not every person is as educated and intelligent as you are, some are even better but those who are educated enough should conduct a debate even if they don’t like it, they must show the people why they don’t like it and why it is not up to the challenge. In our case we have a clear verse that tells us so:

 

1 Peter 3:15 But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts: and be ready always to give an answer to every man that asketh you a reason of the hope that is in you with meekness and fear:

 

I am not against you exactly for not debating about it, it is your business, but I am against you if you are able to refute it, or in this case analyze it and show why it is inferior to the Suras in the Koran, and why it does not satisfy the challenge. So if you are able to analyze this sura and show how you see it as inferior to the Suras in the Koran then I must say that I would be really disappointed if you did not join the debate about it. I am not taking sides, I did not say that it is better or even like the Suras in the Koran, I have not read a whole Sura myself (from the Koran I mean) and I am not in any way good enough in the Arabic language and poetry to analyze this sura. I just wanted the guys in Egypt and the soc.culture.arabic (those who are good enough) to join and say their piece because I really want to know the result of this debate, since the guy (who wrote the "suras") is really really so sure about himself and his poetry (sometimes he sounds like a snob actually :) as very good, as I said before I am not that good in Arabic to judge, so I wanted to see those who are, judging it.

 

 

The initial reaction to Suralikeit was from Muslims and thus restricted to the soc.religion.islam newsgroup. Indeed, cheekily enough, the very first posting of the manufactured "suras" was made under the banner of soc.religion.islam on July 21, 1997. However as AOL succumbed to pressure and removed the page , the debated jumped to other newsgroups.

 

The reactions and defense of the Muslim views concerning the Suralikeit phenomenon on the newsgroups was spearheaded by M.S.M. Saifullah (msms2@eng.cam.ac.uk), a cyber-Deedat, who seemed to belong to http://www.islamic-awareness.org/. Long after most people have lost interest in the debate, Saifullah was, as recently as April 10, 2001, engaging in Deedatic debates with various people on the newsgroup about why the Suralikeit phenomena was not an issue in freedom of speech, but an attack on Muslims and their religion.

 

By May 2001, newsgroups such as alt.religion.islam, uk.religion.islam, soc.culture.islam, alt.atheism have all joined in the fray. The debates had by then moved from the suralikeit phenomenon to the very nature of the existence of Allah. Those from alt.atheism group were busy trying to convince everyone that Muslims had unnecessarily over-reacted to the hoopla since the alt.atheism group is challenging the existence of Allah, and consequently the validity of any derivative of Allah (excluding themselves, apparently because they seemed to believe in their own existence). This particular view was propoaged by someone calling himself Free Thought with a colorful email address as kaafir@godisdead.com . Indeed, except for some occassional contributions by academicians who try to be neutral and only point to facts, most of the newsgroup postings are puerile.

 

The debate became more heated some of the mirror sites started including the Shi’a suras of Nurayn and Wilayat. The identity of the writer of the four initial millenium suras was never revealed, and the addition of the older Shi’a suras was done to possibly keep the debate within a certain context.

 

However, diligent scouring of the newsgroups postings started to reveal the identity of the webmasters behind the new suras. The first clue was contained in a posting by a George (abu_1@hotmail.com and posted at soc.culture.egyptian and soc.culture.arabic on September 12, 1997 where he proclaimed:

 

I have been on sri (soc.religion.islam) for a long time, recently a guy called JGW have been posting 3 (yesterday an extra one which makes them 4) sura which he made up which he sees as "a sura like it" (which also happens to be his email address and web site name) and that they answer the challenge of the Koran. I am not saying that they are, I am hardly good in the arabic grammar to even judge it properly. The reason I posted this article was to draw the attention of the Egyptians, and specifically the ones who know the arabic grammar and style of the Koran good enough to judge these suras, to go to sri and participate in the debate that is taken place there now about these sura. I have been reading them but didn't like any of the responses they are not thorough enough or even hitting the right spots. I hope to see any of you guys making a good argument with that guy. The web site that contains all 3 sura is http://members.aol.com/suralikeit/

 

He certainly got quite a few of those "good arguments" in the form of howls of protests that followed world-wide awareness of the site and the new suras. An example of early reaction is by Omar Farouq (omar786@ibm.net) posted on soc.religion.islam (Subject: A Surah from *ITS* Like, or Like *IT*) and posted on September 9, 1997, and who argued

 

The exact syntax of the word used to challenge the human and jinn is either "mithlahu" or "min mithlihi." This, in and of itself should give you a clue. Take a look at the English translation:

Bring forth a Surah from *ITS* Like, or Like *IT*

The *IT* pronoun refers to the Qur'an itself, and not to a small portion of it. In order to come up with a surah from another book which is like the Qur'an you must start with a book that is like the Qur'an. To test that, you should replace one surah in the Qur'an with an equal surah that you dredged up.

 

Another early response was geared more to the Shi’a suras, rather than the millenium fabrications, as exemplified by a Khalid, with an email address of kh55011@emirates.net.ae and posted on May 10, 1997 particularly on why the Shi’a suras of Nurayn and Walaya cannot be constituted a response to the Almighty Challenge to produce a sura like it. As argued by Khalid, and in its full newsgroup posting:

 

First the challenge of the Quran have gone through stages and it was mainly directed to the Arabs on the first stage! which was to produce A QURAN LIKE IT , and notice it was a Quran like it not Just a surah! "Let them then produce a recital like unto it - if (it be) they speak the truth" [52:33].

Then the 2nd stage, the challenge was reduced to 10 Surahs like it "Or they may say,"he forged it." say, "bring ye then ten surahs forged, like unto it, and call (to your aid) whomsoever ye can, other than Allah if ye speak the truth!" [11:13]

And on this stage the challenge was opened for the group work not only individuals, in this stage you will find it is not the language what the challenge is all about it is what in the text!

To elaborate more in this; on the first stage Arabs have reached a conclusion that the text they came up with were perfect in language but rather shallow blank in it's content and mostly laughable when read and of course untrusted!

 

The Welcome to Suralikeit-UK! (picture above) and located at http://dialspace.dial.pipex.com/town/park/geq96/, certainly provided the most detailed rationale behind setting up of the mirror to the offending Suralikeit site, and in the box below is his backround to the motives (and authors) of the site. The date of the posting was Friday, 2nd October 1998.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The author of the page, who called himself "Kindered Spirit" in his subsequent communications to those who protested against the site provided series of links to the various opinions on the Suralikeit debates.

 

By mid-June 1998, the protests against AOL’s decision to host the site had started to gain momentum. AOL became the immediate target simply because the original author of the site remained unknown. Obviously, therefore, those who hosted him should either reveal him (and he very well knows what his fate is likely to be — all he had to do was ask Salman Rushdie!) — or remove the site.

 

Further Reactions and Actions

One of the earliest reactions to the new "suras" was by the International Association for Muslim Students (http://www.angelfire.com/al/abudi/IslamFirst.html) who sent out a web-based circular, using the same host address as the mirrored Suralikeit site at:

 

http://dialspace.dial.pipex.com/town/park/geq96/islamfirst.htm

 

The circular consists of two pre-prepared letters of protest to AOL urging all Muslims to modify, append their email address, and send to AOL. One of the messages read like this:

 

"The Site: http://members.aol.com/suralikeit/ which is hosted by your company, contains and on purpose material that is so hurting for every Muslim all over the world. This site contains fake verses of an alleged Quran, which is deliberately an insult to Islam and Muslims'. As a Muslim, if this site continue to insult millions of Muslim , you will be made responsible for any further CONSEQUENCES and all legal actions will be taken against all parties who share in this irresponsible work and all options are opened to defend our faith. I will forward this message to the press and Muslim organaisations world wide unless you respect Islam as a way of life for nearly third of the world population and stop this insults. " 

 

A street-level gut-instinct more colorful response is posted by Ahmed Rehab of Cairo,  at http://www.angelfire.com/il/arehab/suralikeit.html, and titled "Response to the Suralikeit Guy". Full of righteous vitrol, the author thundered:

 

An individual too cowardly to reveal his name, and too conscious of his own incompetence to ever want to, has written some babble which he claims to be "like" the holy koran. The following is my response to him ...or her... or it.

 

Obviously, I disagree with everything you have said so far, but  I am honestly and truly not insulted. And in return, I sincerely wish that you not be insulted by what I have to tell you.

 

Very well, so you have taken the challenge to immitate the Koran. The question remains: "was your suralikeit really like anything of the koran? was your suralikeit anything LIKE IT?", obviously not. You used seemingly similar rhetoric, but completely empty words and meanings. That's easy, any retarded imbecil can accomplish that. As the matter of fact reading your suralikeit makes one repelled, reading Allah's suras makes one attracted… You are not a messanger of God, your book is not the Koran. You will not influence even 100,000 people 50 years from now, never mind a billion, 1500 years from now… You are not Muhammad, messenger of God, yours is not the Koran. You are; however, a nobody (well, literally a nobody, as no one even knows so much as your name) and your suras are as ineffective as ..... well, as you are, that is the ultimate in ineffectiveness… So write on son, wear yourself out, don't you waste time. Post your suralikeits on the web, on top of your bed, in the public bathrooms (they would actually find good use there since one of your esteemed verses speak of wiping "asses")....

 

Firing on all cylinders: The Al-Azhar Reaction

Things definitely got into the heavy league when the prestigious Al-Azhar University in Cairo joined the fray. On Wednesday July 2nd 1998, the official response of the university was posted at http://msanews.mynet.net/azhar/, part of which read:

 

Allah has made him (the author of the new "suras") a destroyer of his self (sic) by decreeing misguidance and utter amazement at that which he could not stand to [buhtan]. Woe unto him, and woe unto him! [hayhat, hayhat], for how could he claim the status of a challenger, as he described himself, and he knew that many before him, with his type and malice, stood idle and were astounded. Ashraaf al-Arab, the leaders and most honored of Arabia before the dawn of Islam, with their perfection [kamal] of the secrets of words and their deep enmity to Islam, could not say anything about the perfection [balaghah] of the Qur'an, the correcteness and conciseness of its structure and descriptive approach.

 

There isn't a single attack recorded as far as this is concerned. They recognized that it was neither a rhetoric of orators, nor a poetry of poets. As abundant as the desert sands, and as extended as the dusty lands, the most eloquent [fusaha'] of Arabs and the most gifted

and able of the desert dwellers [al-`Arab al-`Arba'] were helpless. They could not stand to the challenge. This not-so-serious challenger would be but humbled with all these giants.

 

Now if this wonderer (sic) wanted but to follow misguidance, then we say: keep it to yourself [`alayhi nafsuh, lit. be a master of yourself, structure is literary and is not commonly used]. If he wanted guidance, then we tell him, follow us we'll show you a straight path and show you some matters which will prove that the Qur'an is God's word:

 

What then followed was an awe-inspiring nine-point exegesis on the inimitable beauty of Qur’anic structure.

 

Other Egyptian reactions were no less muted and the offending site received a full fullisade of attack from the Egyptian media. Here is an Arabic example (Mustafa Mashhour: Internet and False Quranic Surahs (El-Shaab, 30 June 1998):

 

 

Freedom of Speech and Religious Belief

The issue of the suralikeit brought up the old chesnut of freedom of expression and the way Muslims and Islam are seen as intolerant of opposing views by non-Muslims. Indeed, one would argue that such an issue, as the case of Salman Rushdie, is that of opposing mindsets involved in the issue of communcating values. The firing salvo in this direction was given at http://www.byrden.com/suralikeit/ where the webmaster proclaimed:

 

I assert that blasphemy should be permitted. Many people have debated this with me. Here are their challenges and my answers. If you wish to continue the debate, read this page first.

 

"Blasphemy must be forbidden because it is against God"

Where is God? Is he real? Can you show me your God? Can you show me any evidence of your God? No, you cannot, and so this argument is meaningless to those who are not believers in your God.

 

"Blasphemy must be forbidden, when it offends many people"

Many religions are offensive to each other. For example, Islam says that Christ was a man, but Christianity says he was a god. So if you censor material when people declare it offensive, then you must censor both the Bible and the Quran! Both of them are offensive to many members of the other faith! Is that what you want?

 

Thus the mindset of a person concerned with the issues of freedom of expression clashes with any contrary view to his own, and gives him the right to trample over other people’s world-views.

 

Other approaches to the Suralike it phenomenon took a more comparative overtone. A vivid example is a bemused Christian observer of the Answering-Islam website (http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Miracle/hindu.htm ) who claimed that the eloquence of the Qur’an alone is not enough to make inimitable, and that such poetic structure of the Qur’an is easy enough to imitate. Taking the Surat Al-Ikhlas (Qul Huwallahu Ahad), he purpoted to produce scripts in other languages, some before the coming of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) that share the same narrative structure as Al-Ikhas. As he stated (as usual with most of these website articles, no actual names were given),

 

Here I have produced 5 `suras' from other religious scriptures as a challenge to Suratul-Ikhlas, one of the most impressive ones in the Qur'an. In fact prophet Muhammed valued the recitation of this sura as equivalent to one third of the whole Qur'an...The verses I have chosen here as a challenge to sura 112 also talk about the unity of God, His eternal nature and other attributes. Can Muslims compare these translations (at least) and tell me how they are inferior to Suratul-Ikhlas? I have also produced the respective transliterations, so that at least an attempt can be made to compare their eloquence. But mind you, the poetic elegance of any work cannot be appreciated unless we are very familiar with the concerned language!

 

Even then, eloquence is more a subject of personal liking than an indication for truth! Prophet Muhammed (or Allah), I believe, wouldn't have based his (or His) challenge on the Qur'an's poetical merit alone to prove his (or His) case! Moreover, as repeatedly emphasized by other writers in these pages, eloquence alone can never be taken as a criterion for Truth!

 

His research findings are reproduced below:

 

 

 

TRANSLITERATION 

TRANSLATION 

Language: Arabic  Period: 7th Century A.D

Qul Huwallaahu ahad;   
Allahus-swamad;   
Lam yalid wa lam yoolad;   
Wa lam yakun lahu, kufuwan ahad.

Say: He is God, the one and only;  
God, the Eternal, Absolute;  
He begetteth not, nor is He begotten;  
And there is none like unto Him.

Language: Gurmukhi (Punjabi) Period: 15th Century A.D. Guru Grant Saheb. Mul Mantra. Page 1. (Sage: Guru Nanak) (Translator: Kushwant Singh)

Ik onkar, satnaam,   
Kartaa purakh   
Nirbhau, nirvair   
Akaal murat   
Ajuni saibhau   
Guru prasad

God is one; God's name is Truth;  
God is the immanent Creator;  
Without fear, without enmity;  
Immortal in form;  
Unborn and self existent  
(Known by) the grace of the Guru.

Language: Tamil  Period: 8th entury A.D. (Thiruvaimozhi. Chapter: Second ten, Number: 10  (Sage: Nammazhvar) (Translator: N. Ramaninaidu)

Aanallan, Pennallan,   
      allaa aliumallan!   
Kaanalum aagaan,   
      ulanallan illai allan!   
Penungal penum,   
      uruvaagum allanum aam!    
Konai peridhudaithu
   
      embemmanai koorudhale!

Neither male, nor female, 
    Nor neuter is He (by gender)!  
Neither discernible, nor the existent, 
    Nor the non-existent is He! 
He appears in whatever form conceived, 
   And remains other than such! 
Indentifying the Lord as Narayana (by name), 
   Is the best of such.

Language: Sanskrit  Period: 4th Century B.C. Mundaka Upanishad  Chapter:2.1 Number: 2 (Sage: Not known) (Translator: Sri Aurobindo)

divyo hy amrutah purusah  
sa bahyabhyantaro hy ajah  
aprano hy amanah  
subhro aksarat  
pratah parah

He, the divine, the formless spirit;  
He is the outward and the inward;  
And He the unborn;  
He is beyond life, beyond mind, luminous;  
Supreme beyond the immutable!

Language: Sanskrit  Period: 5th Century B.C. Shwetashwatara Upanishad. 6.9. (Sage: Svetasvatara) (Translator: Sri Aurobindo)

na tasya kascit asti loke,  
na cesita naiva  
    ca tasya lingam,  
na karanam  
    karanadhipadhipo  
na cesya kasciji  janita  
na cadhipah.

He hath no master in all this world. 
There is none that shall rule over Him. 
Nor feature nor distinction hath He; 
For He is begetting cause 
And Sovran over the lords  
      of these natural organs; 
But himself hath no begetter, 
Neither any sovran.

I will not be bothered to go into structural analysis of these "comparative suras", as I believe there are more competent analyts than myself on this issue. Suffice to say that M. Saifullah and his colleagues at http://www.islamic-awarenes.org have been doing an excellent job of using the Internet to fight the enemies of Islam.

 

Indeed Saifullah had on Saturday September 27, 1997 posted a lengthy article on Surah Nurayn and Surah Walaya when he was at the Cambridge University, England. You can view the entire thread at soc.religion.islam newsgroup.

 

The "Surori" more closely

Forgive the Hausanization of the plural Sura; but Hausa being an absorptive language, especially in the cases of plural formation, it is quite easy to believe that the plural of Sura is Surori, not Suwar! Of all the six manufactured "suras", two had more elaborate hisotry. These are al-Wilayah and Nuraini. The passages of these "suras" were discovered in a manuscript of the Qur'an in Bankipore, India, in June 1912. The translation of the "suras" was published by St. Clare Tisdall as "Shi'ah Additions To The Koran" in the journal The Moslem World Volume III in 1913. The manuscript is said to be some 200-300 years old, at least. On Surah al-Waliyah and Surah an-Nurain, St. Clare Tisdall writes (Shi'ah Additions To The Koran: 1913, W. St. Clair Tisdall, The Moslem World, Volume III, and quoted from http://salam.muslimsonline.com/~islamawe/Quran/Text/forgery.html .

 

The reader (of the original Arabic especially) is irresistibly led to the conclusion that the whole of these additions, - with the possible exception of sura al-Nurain, - are forgeries. The style is imitated from the Koran, but not always very successfully. There are some grammatical errors, unless these are due to the transcriber. Occasionally the meaning which the context shews to be that in which a word is used is later than the time to which the Koran belongs. The verses are largely, however, centos of Koranic passages taken from their context. The amount of repetition shews the writer's determination to prove what he wished to prove at all costs. (pp. 229).

 

The only two Shi'ite surahs which have come to light are obvious forgeries; the other omissions that would have been dictated mostly by dogmatic considerations foreign to the 'Uthmanic period can not be substantiated, and the Shi'ites themselves have never been able to agree on the alleged distortion of the sacred text of their adversaries. (pp. 80 and pp. 282).

 

Finally revealed: The Author!

What has remained a constant mystery is the identity of the author of the new Suras. Two people were clearly involved in the whole episode. There is the actual author — identified only as JGW from his sri posting; and then there is the webmaster — the guy who set up the website to the "suras", identified only as George (abu_1@hotmail.com) from at soc.culture.egyptian and soc.culture.arabic on September 12, 1997 where he proclaimed:

 

So far the nearest identity to either of the two is for the webmaster, and I was able to locate him at http://www.geocities.com/Athens/7143/sli.htm where he proclaimed,

I was not the originator of any of these verses (I cannot even speak Arabic), but my reason for setting up the site was to:

Collect in one place all the verses out there which were on different sites

Invite some Arab Muslims I was corresponding with to take a look, and tell me exactly why those verses do not satisfy the challenge. Objectively. Giving reasons. Without any rubbish.


I intended it to be a private matter, and did not publicize the site on any of the search engines, and intended to remove it after a very short while, after it had served it's very limited research purpose.

At the time, I was totally unaware of the commotion going on on the internet and with Muslims regarding the appearance of these verses on other sites. I unwittingly got involved in the cross-fire during this time, with people thinking that I had set-up a mirror site in support of the other sites. Muslims (including Al-Azhar University!) charged me with being a Jew, inspired by Satan, vengeful, slanderer, one who deserves to burn in hell etc. etc. etc. Without any such wish on my part, this site got publicity far greater than any other site I had ever created, and you may have arrived here from a link on a site discussing this nasty incident.

While all this was blowing-up, I was out of the country for a month or so, and when I got back to open my email mailbox, I was shocked to see a deluge of threatening emails from people I had never known. They included (death) threats. One of them told me that money could buy anything, and that they would find out who I was, where I lived, and would come over to sort me out once and for all. Wow! For a month or so, I was watching over my shoulder all the time; luckily, I was living on a remote off-shore island.

Clearly, although not representative of every single Muslim, these replies to a small reply to a Quranic command shows me that this challenge is quite futile today, for the reasons stated above - these replies seem (to me) to confirm my view.

http://www.geocities.com/Athens/7143/sli.htm)

It was clear therefore that the webmaster has bitten off more than he can chew. There are many ways of encouraging inter-faith dialog, but this is definitely not one of them.

 

The Suralikeit phenomenon, if anything, shows the increasing role of Internet in religious affairs. One observer was quick enough to capitalize on the furor and write a whole book on it. Virtually Islamic: Computer-mediated Communication and Cyber Islamic Environments, by Gary Brunt focuses attention on how the cyber-culture affects Islam and Muslim communities.

 

Appendices: "Surori" Like It

 

al-Iman

al-Iman ("Faith")

And make mention of the disciples in the Book, when the wind blew while they were sailing at night. (1)

And then it appeared to them seeing the phantom of Christ walking on the water. They said: Is He our Lord deriding us or have we gone insane? (2)

And there came the voice of the Master announcing to them: Do not fear, It is I, Don't you see. (3)

Hence, one of them shouted and asked: My Lord, order me, if you were He, to walk toward you on the water, So God may convert my doubt to certitude. (4)

He {The Lord) said to him, come toward me and be a miracle for man that they may remember. (5)

And as the disciple began to walk, he saw how strong the wind was so he became afraid and began to drown. Thus he yelled asking his lord to help. (6)

And He {The Lord} extended His hand to him and took him with it and said: Oh you who has little faith, such is the reward of those who doubt. (7)

And as soon as He went on the ship with him the wind calmed down and the disciples thanked Him with praise and shouted and said: (8)

You are truly the Son of God; in you we believed and in front of you we kneel. (9)

He said: Joy is for those who believed without mixing their faith with a doubt for those are truly the successful. (10)

http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/suralikeit

http://members.aol.com/suralikeit/

Al-Tajjassud

at-Tajassud ("The Incarnation")

Glorified He who has created heavens for which He did not set a boundary.

He created earth, made it a globe part water and part solid.

Say to those who have been deceived by the call of Satan: your minds were blinded so you accused God falsly and became supporters of Satan.

Satan has always been a fierce enemy of man.

If your Lord wished, He would have made children for him out of stones, as He who has said to the universe: Be, and so it was; far is it removed from his transcendent majesty that He should consult anybody in His decisions.

Far is it removed from his transcendent majesty that He should take one from his creatures as a son.

Say to those who doubt about what has been revealed before: Christ is not a creature of God, as He was with God before the beginning and He is with Him forever.

In Him and from Him He was, together with His Holy Spirit, one God, eternal, one, and no more than one.

And as the Father sent Him to the people as He promised.

He descended as a Word into the womb of a virgin from which He came out as a body.

He associated with man, taught man, died as a sacrifice on behalf of man, and like a man He went to rest.

And to His heavenly Father, after three days he ascended.

Those who disbelieved His miracles and said terrible things about Him,

God will not let them escape from his anger.

But those who believed in Him and His Messiah,they shall have forgivness and paradise where they shall live forever.

http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/suralikeit

http://members.aol.com/suralikeit/

 

al-Muslimoon

al-Muslimoon

 

Alef Lam Saad Meem

Say: O Muslims, You are far astray.

Those who disbelieved in God and his Christ shall have in the lifeafter the fire of hell and a severe torture.

Some faces that day will be subdued and darkened seeking forgiveness from God and God shall do whatever He wants.

That day, the Most Merciful shall say: O my servants I favored you with my guidance revealed to you in the Torah and the Injeel.

And you should have not disbelieved what I have revealed to you and go astray from a plain road.

They said: We did not go astray ourselves but he, who claimed he was one of the messengers (of God) has mislead us.

And as God says: O Muhammad, you allured my servants and caused them to become disbelieves.

He said: O my Lord, it is Satan who allured me and truly he has always been the most corrupting to children of Adam.

And God will forgive those who have been allured by man and then repented and he will compel that one who was Satan's advocate to hell, a hapless journey's end.

And if God rules something, He is most knowing of what He rules and of what He had ruled and He is able to do all things.

http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/suralikeit

http://members.aol.com/suralikeit/

 

al-Wasaya

al-Wasaya ("The Commandments")

 

Alef Lam Meem Thal* (`th' as in `that')

We have sent you for the worlds a bearer with good tidings and a warner,

(Authorized) to rule with whatever comes on your mind in order to take care of things in the proper manner.

He who shall abide by what you rule shall do good for himself and he who shall not shall receive from your hands a bitter reward.

We have given Moses before you ten commandments and We are giving you (many) tens of others as We have made you the last of the prophets and ordained you as a prince over all of them.

You abrogate whatever you wish to abrogate of the orders We have given them for We have allowed you to modify any of our decisions.

Tell my servants who believe to seek refuge when they yawn in the Beneficent One to prevent Satan from laughing at them and to magnify Allah when they sneeze.

(And tell them) not to allow dogs in their homes and not to put pictures on their walls.

And if they want to wear shoes (tell them) to begin with the right one before the left and if they do not they surely commit a heinous sin.

And when they respond to the call of nature (tell them) to wipe their rear ends with three rocks and to avoid using dung for We have made it as food for the Jinn and as such We made it a prohibited matter for the believers.

Tell my servants who believe to raid whoever they want and even to kill in order to secure their provisions that those amongst them who never raided or never thought about raiding shall die as hypocrites and shall be denied (in the hereafter).

(And tell) those who fear magic to eat seven dates and Allah shall save them from magic and keep away from them the evil omen.

Tell my servants if they want to swear they should swear by Allah as many times as they want.

And (tell them) to marry of the women who they see good for themselves, two or three or four, or the captives that their right hands possess, for We have made religion easy for them.

And when you are short of commandments, call Jibril and he shall come in a hurry as he was ordered.

And if Jibril is busy go to Waraqa Bin Nawfal and seek help from him before We take his soul and then the revelation might become a difficult matter for you.

 

References from Sahih Bukhari:

Verse 7 : Look at Hadith 8:242 and 4:509

Verse 8 : Hadith 4.448

Verse 9 : Hadith 1.169

Verse 10: Hadith 5.200

Verse 12: Hadith 7.663

Verse 13: Hadith 3.844

Verse 16: Hadith 1.3

http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/suralikeit

http://members.aol.com/suralikeit/

al-Nuraini

al-Nuraini

"O you who believe, believe in the two lights.

He has revealed them unto you, warning you against the torture of the Great Day – two lights emanating from one another, for I am the All-Hearing and the All-Knowing.

Truly those who fulfil Allah's pledge and his Apostle's verses shall be rewarded with Paradise.

Those who disbelieve by breaking their covenant and what they have pledged to do before the Apostle shall be thrown into hell, for they did injustice to themselves and disobeyed the supporter of the Apostle.

Therefore, they shall be caused to drink from the Hamim River in hell.

Truly Allah is the light of heaven and the earth as he wills, and he has chosen his angels and apostles and made believers of those whom he created.

All do whatever he wills. There is no god but him – the Merciful and the Compassionate.

Those who came before them cheated their apostles, and so I have stricken them with my cunningness vehemently and painfully.

Apostle! Preach my admonition, for they shall know.

Those who fulfil their pledge to you are likened to me to be rewarded by Paradise.

Truly Ali is one of the pious. We have sent Moses and Aaron, being appointed his successor, yet they disobeyed Aaron.

Be of good patience! They will become old. We have given you judgement, just as we did to other apostles before you. We have appointed a guardian to you from them, that they might return.

Truly Ali is devout, lying prostrate at night, warning as regards the Last Day, and hoping for the mercy of his Lord.

Say: "Should those who act unjustly be treated equally, while they know my torture?"

***

Mohammad Azat Darwaza, Al-Qur'an al-Majid, page 60 and Mohammed Ahmed Maal Allah, Al Shi'a wa Ta'rîf Al Qurân).

Documented also in

Theodor Nöldeke: Geschichte des Qorans

Zweite Auflage, völlig umgearbeitet von Friedrich Schwally

Zweiter Teil: Die Sammlung des Qorans, Leipzig

(Dieterich'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung) 1919, Seiten 102-103

 

al-Wilayat

al-Wilayat Saint (Patron)

In the name of the all merciful God

 

You who are believers, believe in the prophet and the saint (patron, God-man) who is Ali bin Abi Talib, Mohammed's cousin whom we sent, they will guide you to the strait path.

A prophet and a saint belong to each other, and I am the all knowing, the experienced.

Those who do (obey) God's covenant they deserve comforting paradises.

And those who contradict our verses if read to them,

They have a big place in Hell, when they are called in the day of judgement: where is the unfair, the contradictory for the messengers?

The messengers don't leave them without the truth, and God will not allow them to win (appear, show) till a short time.

Praise your lord and thank him, and Ali bin Abi Talib, Mohammed's cousin, one from the witnesses.

***

Source: "Al-Thawrah al-Yaraniyah Fiy Mizan al-Islam" (The Iranian revolution in the balance of Islam), published in Egypt.

URL: http://answering-islam.org/Quran/Miracle/wilay

Notes: The last two "suras" were not included in the original weblink at AOL; howevery they appeared in the sites mirrors located on other servers. These last two "suras" indeed seemed to have a longer history, and those who included them possibly did so to ride on the tide of the suralikeit phenomena. The URL for this (al-Nuraini), and al-Wilayat, which follows, is mirrored at:

 

http://answering-islam.org/Quran/Miracle/wilay.

 

This is a Christian website created to counter any claims of Islam, as the sites’ owners indicated themselves. They attributed these two "suras" to the Shia Qur’an. A thorough discussion of these two "suras", titled, Surah an-Nurayn & Surah al-Waliyah: Their Authenticity & Literary Style by M S M Saifullah is given at http://salam.muslimsonline.com/~islamawe/Quran. I have not been able to locate any similar analysis of the "suras" of the original Suralikeit contents. Maybe someone can help dregde the Net to see if such exists?

However, they are also found at the new AOL site at

 

http://members.aol.com/suralikeit/